Effects of Green Food Procurement Practices on The Performance of 4 and 5 Star-Rated Hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya
Main Article Content
Keywords
green food procurement, green supplier selection, green product specification, green supplier development, performance
Abstract
The effectiveness of hotels in achieving their organizational objectives is expressed in their performance. Empirical evidence regarding the impact of green food procurement (GFP) on hotel performance is scarce, particularly in developing economies like Kenya, despite the fact that research suggests that green procurement can improve firm performance. GFP was defined in this study as including green product specification, green supplier selection, and green supplier development. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives of internal process, learning and growth, financial, and customer were used to evaluate performance. The study was anchored in the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) and BSC and adopted a quantitative-dominant convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 273 targeted respondents, of whom 252 completed questionnaires were analyzed, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 13 purposively selected food and beverage managers. Pearson correlation results revealed strong and statistically significant positive associations between GFP dimensions and the four performance perspectives (r = .804–.896, p < .001). Structural equation modelling further established a positive and statistically significant effect of GFP from the unstandardized estimate on overall hotel performance (β = 1.05, p < .001). The Internal Process perspective recorded the highest performance mean (M = 4.46), while the financial perspective recorded the lowest (M = 4.06), suggesting that operational benefits may be more immediately evident than financial returns. Qualitative findings showed that sampled hotels emphasized certifications and product specifications more than direct supplier training. GFP also reduced waste and improved food quality and consistency through effective green supplier selection, enhancing service delivery, customer satisfaction, and financial performance. The study extends the NRBV to food procurement in African hospitality and demonstrates the applicability of the BSC as a multidimensional performance framework. It uniquely isolates food-related procurement practices within Nairobi’s 4- and 5-star hotels. The study recommends institutionalizing environmental supplier-selection criteria, allocating budgets for supplier environmental training, and strengthening monitoring of GFP implementation.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abbas, T. M., & Hussien, F. M. (2021). The effects of green supply chain management practices on firm performance: Empirical evidence from restaurants in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(3), 358–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584211011717
Abbas, T., & Hussien, F. (2017). The effects of green marketing and green corporate social responsibility on customers’ willingness to patronize a casual dining restaurant. International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, 3(3), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaf.2017.95536
Abuzaid, A. N., Alateeq, M. M., Madadha, S. M., Al Sharari, F. E. A., & Alsbou, M. K. (2024). The effect of suppliers’ green and traditional selection criteria in supply chain management on purchasing firms’ performance. Sustainability, 16(15), 6276. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156276
Adamides, E. D., & Mouzakitis, Y. (2024). Green Sourcing: Supplier Assessment and Selection Practices across Industries. Logistics, 8(4), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040105
Aksoy, O., & Akın, M. (2019). The effects of strategic purchasing practices on performance: An analysis in the Turkish hospitality sector. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 123–135. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/beykozad/article/654486
Al-Husain, R. A., Elshaer, A. M., Alzuman, A., Albadry, O. M., Sheikhelsouk, S., Al-Monawer, N. S., & Alsetoohy, O. (2024). Toward sustainable performance in the hotel food supply chain: Influences of quality management practices and digital integration. Administrative Sciences, 14(12), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14120314
Alreahi, M., Bujdoso, Z., Dávid, L. D., & Gyenge, B. (2023). Green supply chain management in hotel industry: A systematic review. Sustainability, 15(7), 5622. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075622
Astawa, I. K., Budarma, I. K., & Widhari, C. I. S. (2020). Green supplier selection practices and its implications of green purchasing: Case study at 5 stars hotel in Bali. International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events, 4(2), 140–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v4i2.1965
Bagur‐Femenias, L., Llach, J., & del Mar Alonso‐Almeida, M. (2013). nies? An empirical approach. Management Decision, 51(1), 41–62. Is the adoption of environmental practices a strategical decision for small service company. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311291300
Balin, A. I., & Sari, K. (2023). The effect of green purchasing practices on financial performance under the mediating role of environmental performance: Evidence from Türkiye. Sustainability, 15(4), 3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043617
Blome, C., Hollos, D., & Paulraj, A. (2014). Green procurement and green supplier development: Antecedents and effects on supplier performance. International Journal of Production Research, 52(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.825748
Bor, J. K. M. (2021). Green supply chain management practices and performance of food and beverage processing sector in Kenya. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/5498
Chepkoech, Z. M., Chenuos, N. K., & Kosgei, D. K. (2015). Green procurement strategies as determinants of financial performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. http://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/jibe
Chiu, J.-Z., & Hsieh, C.-C. (2016). The impact of restaurants’ green supply chain practices on firm performance. Sustainability, 8(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010042
Clune, S., Crossin, E., & Verghese, K. (2017). Systematic review of greenhouse gas emissions for different fresh food categories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 766–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.082
Cresswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches-John W. Creswell. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=web&rct=j&url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Research_Design.html?
id%3D4uB76IC_pOQC&ved=2ahUKEwj8vdSShMSWAxW2_rsIHVYkF9IQy_kOegoIAggACAAICBAB&opi=89978449&cd&psig=AOvVaw1_2nUOK_f_CT66F4qZOrcP&ust=1788030858592000
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20
Deppula, J. (2024). Supplier development programme and sustainable performance The moderating role of the firm commitment. University of Education Winneba. https://ir.uew.edu.gh/handle/123456789/4679
Dhillon, M. K., Rafi-ul-Shan, P. M., Amar, H., Sher, F., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Flexible green supply chain management in emerging economies: A systematic literature review. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 24(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-022-00321-0
Duarte, S., Cabrita, M. do R. de M. F., & Machado, V. A. C. (2011). Exploring lean and green supply chain performance using balanced scorecard perspective. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/58460
Eltayeb, T., & Zailani, S. (2014). Going green through green supply chain initiatives toward environmental sustainability. Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 2(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.31387/oscm040019
Fan, Z., & Kang, T.-W. (2023). Linking sustainable supplier selection to Firm’s sustainable performance: The moderated mediating role of supplier development and leadership for functional integration. Sustainability, 15(12), 9757. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129757
Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Advancing sustainable performance management in the hospitality industry: A novel framework based on a health-inclusive balanced scorecard. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48, 101141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101141
Galeazzo, A., Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N., & Delgado-Ceballos, J. (2021). Green procurement and financial performance in the tourism industry: The moderating role of tourists’ green purchasing behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(5), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1734546
Ghaderi, Z., Shakori, H., Bagheri, F., Hall, C. M., Rather, R. A., & Moaven, Z. (2024). Green supply chain management, environmental costs and supply chain performance in the hotel industry: The mediating role of supply chain agility and resilience. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(13), 2101–2117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2223911
Ghazali, I., Abdul-Rashid, S. H., Md Dawal, S. Z., Huda, N., Shariff, A. H. M., Herawan, S. G., Ho, F. H., & Sakundarini, N. (2021). Guidelines for designing green products considering customers’ cultural preferences. Sustainability, 13(2), 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020673
Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., & Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: Impact on performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(3), 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541211227126
Guix, M., & Font, X. (2020). The Materiality Balanced Scorecard: A framework for stakeholder-led integration of sustainable hospitality management and reporting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102634
Hamza, M. A. A., & Rego, N. (2025). Sustainable supply chain practices of local versus international hotels: Multiple case studies in Egypt. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18819-9
Han, H., Yu, J., & Kim, W. (2019). Environmental corporate social responsibility and the strategy to boost the airline’s
image and customer loyalty intentions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(3), 371–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1557580
Handoyo, S. (2024). Green supply chain management: A bibliometric analysis of global research trends and future directions. Production & Manufacturing Research, 12(1), 2422614. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2024.2422614
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hart, S., & Dowell, G. (2011). A Natural-Resource-Based View of the Firm: Fifteen Years After, 37 (5), 1464–1479. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hassan, M. H. C., & Osman, L. H. (2025). Impact sustainability in food supply chain: Scoping review. Journal of Technology and Operations Management, 20(1), 1–17. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jtom/
Holling, H., & Backhaus, L. (2023). A meta-analysis of green supply chain management practices and firm performance. Sustainability, 15(6), 4730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064730
Hussain, M., Al-Aomar, R., & Melhem, H. (2019). Assessment of lean-green practices on the sustainable performance of hotel supply chains. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(6), 2448–2467. https://
doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2018-0380
Jassim, S., Al-Mubarak, M., & Hamdan, A. (2020). The impact of green supply chain management on firm’s performance. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 19(01), 2040026. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219649220400250
Kang, S., & Rajagopal, L. (2014). Perceptions of benefits and challenges of purchasing local foods among hotel industry decision makers. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 17(4), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2014.945889
Kaplan RS, Norton DP. The balanced scorecard—Measures that drive performance. Harv Bus
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard—Measures That Drive Performance. BALANCED SCORECARD. https://images.template.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/11122659/balanced-scorecard-key-performance-indicators.pdf
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2005). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance (Vol. 70). Harvard Business Review Boston, MA, USA. https://images.template.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/11122659/balanced-scorecard-key-performance-indicators.pdf
Kenei, K., & Wachiuri, E. (2024). Green Supply Chain Practices and Performance of The Food And Beverage Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 6(1), 225–238. https://grandmarkpublishers.com/index.php/IJMBR/article/view/8
Koskei, S. K., & Wachiuri, E. (2025). Sustainable Procurement and Performance of Textile Companies in Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 7(1), 317–332. https://grandmarkpublishers.com/index.php/IJMBR/article/view/109
Kothari, C. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hZ9wSHysQDYC&oi=fnd&dq=Kothari,+C.+(2004).+Research+methodology:+Methods+and+techniques.+New+Age+International.&ots=1u-fmDcYG2&sig=ajagZcUGxvF1UO7B2B-hReBYQlo
Kozuch, A., Langen, M., von Deimling, C., & Eßig, M. (2024). Does green procurement pay off? Assessing the practice–performance link employing meta-analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140184
Kumar, S., Lim, W. M., Sureka, R., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Bamel, U. (2024a). Balanced scorecard: Trends, developments, and future directions. Review of Managerial Science, 18(8), 2397–2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00700-6
Kumar, S., Lim, W. M., Sureka, R., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Bamel, U. (2024b). Balanced scorecard: Trends, developments, and future directions. Review of Managerial Science, 18(8), 2397–2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00700-6
Kusa, R., Suder, M., & Duda, J. (2023). Impact of greening on performance in the hospitality industry: Moderating effect of flexibility and inter-organizational cooperation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122423
Li, J., & Zhong, D. (2024). Comparing the impact of green supplier selection and integration on environmental performance: An analysis of the moderating role of government support. Sustainability, 16(16), 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167228
Liu, W., Cao, Y., Hou, J., Cheng, Y., Chan, H. K., & Tang, O. (2025). Green procurement or green supply? A meta-analysis of their impacts on firm sustainability performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 28(12), 1387–1421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2024.2351027
Madanaguli, A., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Srivastava, S., & Singh, G. (2022). Environmental sustainability in restaurants. A systematic review and future research agenda on restaurant adoption of green practices. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 22(4–5), 303–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2022.2134203
Makokha, M., (PhD), D., & (PhD), D. (2022). Green Procurement Practices and Organization Performance of Star–Rated Hotels in Nakuru City. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 9. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v9i1.2198
Makoondlall-Chadee, T., & Bokhoree, C. (2024). Environmental sustainability in hotels: A review of the relevance and contributions of assessment tools and techniques. Administrative Sciences, 14(12), 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14120320
Masudin, I., Umamy, S. Z., Al-Imron, C. N., & Restuputri, D. P. (2022). Green procurement implementation through supplier selection: A bibliometric review. Cogent Engineering, 9(1), 2119686. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2119686
Mbeche, R. A., & Juma, D. (2025). Green Procurement Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Hotels in Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 9(8), 19–38. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bhx/oijscl/v9y2025i8p19-38id3180
Migdadi, Y. K. A.-A. (2023). Identifying the best practices in hotel green supply chain management strategy: A global study. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 24(4), 504–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2065657
Molin, E., Lingegård, S., Martin, M., & Björklund, A. (2024). Sustainable public food procurement: Criteria and actors’ roles and influence. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1360033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1360033
Monyancha, L. N., & Ndeto, C. (2025). Green Procurement and Performance of Sugar Companies in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 9(2). https://www.sagepublishers.com/index.php/ijssme/article/view/932
Mshenga, P. M. (2010). Tourism and agriculture linkages: Determinants of local agricultural products purchase by hotels at the Kenyan coast. https://repository.ruforum.org/system/tdf/Mshenga.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=34966&force=
Mulati, E., & Juma, D. (2019). Influence of green procurement training on organization performance on star rated hotels in Kisumu city. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2): 1763-1775. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v6i2.1218
Mulebo, E., & Wachiuri, E. (2026). Green Supply Chain and Performance of Hospitality Industry in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 10(5), 51–68. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bhx/oijscl/v10y2026i5p51-68id3853.html
Murphy, J., & Smith, S. (2009). Chefs and suppliers: An exploratory look at supply chain issues in an upscale restaurant alliance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.07.003
Mustafi, M. A. A., Dong, Y.-J., Hosain, M. S., Amin, M. B., Rahaman, M. A., & Abdullah, M. (2024). Green supply chain management practices and organizational performance: A mediated moderation model with second-order constructs. Sustainability, 16(16), 6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166843
Namkung, Y., & Jang, S. (2017). Are consumers willing to pay more for green practices at restaurants? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(3), 329–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525632
Nureen, N., Liu, D., Irfan, M., & Sroufe, R. (2023). Greening the manufacturing firms: Do green supply chain management and organizational citizenship behavior influence firm performance? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(31), 77246–77261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27817-1
Obiso, E., Maendo, D., Musau, E., & Waribu, J. (2023). Influence of green procurement on performance of private oil and gas firms in Kenya: Moderating role of government regulations. International Academic Journal of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, 3(2), 274–301. https://iajournals.org/articles/iajpsm_v3_i2_274_301.pdf
Oyefusi, O. N., Enegbuma, W. I., & Brown, A. (2025). From systematic literature review to performance criteria evaluation: Advancing green supply chain management in construction. International Journal of Construction Management, 25(3), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2024.2313828
Patiar, A., & Mia, L. (2015). Drivers of hotel departments’ performance: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Human
Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(3), 316–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2015.1002072
Perramon, J., Alonso-Almeida, M. del M., Llach, J., & Bagur-Femenías, L. (2014). Green practices in restaurants: Impact on firm performance. Operations Management Research, 7, 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-014-0084-y
Sarraf, F., & Nejad, S. H. (2020). Improving performance evaluation based on balanced scorecard with grey relational analysis and data envelopment analysis approaches: Case study in water and wastewater companies. Evaluation and Program Planning, 79, 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101762
Shin, S., & Cho, M. (2023). Environmental cognition and environmental performance in restaurants: Roles of green supplier selection and joint actions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(6), 1925–1942. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0338
Suleiman, M. A. (2023). The impact of tourism supply chain on sustainable performance in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Tanzania. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(2), 492–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-01-2022-0007
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5. https://hal.science/hal-02546799v1
Tan, B. C., Lau, T. C., Yong, G. F., Khan, N., & Nguyen, T. P. L. (2019). A qualitative study of green practices adoption for restaurants in Malaysia. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(8), 1087–1099. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2017-0119
Thiga, H. K. (2024). Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6521
Thiga, H. K., Dennis Chege, & Wycliffe Arani. (2023). Green Procurement and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. Vol.8.
Tseng, M.-L., Islam, M. S., Karia, N., Fauzi, F. A., & Afrin, S. (2019). A literature review on green supply chain management: Trends and future challenges. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.009
Vasilakakis, K., & Sdrali, D. (2023). Supplier selection criteria in the Greek hotel food and beverage divisions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-07-2021-0169
Wamalwa, L. S., & Nang’ole Meyer, P. (2024). Green supplier development and sustainable supply chain management. Business Strategy & Development, 7(1), e357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.357
Wambui, M. S., & Chege, P. (2024). Green Procurement Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Food and Beverage Processing Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 4(2), 16–27. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/29334
Wang, Y.-F., Chen, S.-P., Lee, Y.-C., & Tsai, C.-T. S. (2013). Developing green management standards for restaurants: An application of green supply chain management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.001
Abbas, T., & Hussien, F. (2017). The effects of green marketing and green corporate social responsibility on customers’ willingness to patronize a casual dining restaurant. International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, 3(3), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaf.2017.95536
Abuzaid, A. N., Alateeq, M. M., Madadha, S. M., Al Sharari, F. E. A., & Alsbou, M. K. (2024). The effect of suppliers’ green and traditional selection criteria in supply chain management on purchasing firms’ performance. Sustainability, 16(15), 6276. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156276
Adamides, E. D., & Mouzakitis, Y. (2024). Green Sourcing: Supplier Assessment and Selection Practices across Industries. Logistics, 8(4), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040105
Aksoy, O., & Akın, M. (2019). The effects of strategic purchasing practices on performance: An analysis in the Turkish hospitality sector. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 123–135. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/beykozad/article/654486
Al-Husain, R. A., Elshaer, A. M., Alzuman, A., Albadry, O. M., Sheikhelsouk, S., Al-Monawer, N. S., & Alsetoohy, O. (2024). Toward sustainable performance in the hotel food supply chain: Influences of quality management practices and digital integration. Administrative Sciences, 14(12), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14120314
Alreahi, M., Bujdoso, Z., Dávid, L. D., & Gyenge, B. (2023). Green supply chain management in hotel industry: A systematic review. Sustainability, 15(7), 5622. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075622
Astawa, I. K., Budarma, I. K., & Widhari, C. I. S. (2020). Green supplier selection practices and its implications of green purchasing: Case study at 5 stars hotel in Bali. International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events, 4(2), 140–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v4i2.1965
Bagur‐Femenias, L., Llach, J., & del Mar Alonso‐Almeida, M. (2013). nies? An empirical approach. Management Decision, 51(1), 41–62. Is the adoption of environmental practices a strategical decision for small service company. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311291300
Balin, A. I., & Sari, K. (2023). The effect of green purchasing practices on financial performance under the mediating role of environmental performance: Evidence from Türkiye. Sustainability, 15(4), 3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043617
Blome, C., Hollos, D., & Paulraj, A. (2014). Green procurement and green supplier development: Antecedents and effects on supplier performance. International Journal of Production Research, 52(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.825748
Bor, J. K. M. (2021). Green supply chain management practices and performance of food and beverage processing sector in Kenya. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/5498
Chepkoech, Z. M., Chenuos, N. K., & Kosgei, D. K. (2015). Green procurement strategies as determinants of financial performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. http://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/jibe
Chiu, J.-Z., & Hsieh, C.-C. (2016). The impact of restaurants’ green supply chain practices on firm performance. Sustainability, 8(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010042
Clune, S., Crossin, E., & Verghese, K. (2017). Systematic review of greenhouse gas emissions for different fresh food categories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 766–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.082
Cresswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches-John W. Creswell. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=web&rct=j&url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Research_Design.html?
id%3D4uB76IC_pOQC&ved=2ahUKEwj8vdSShMSWAxW2_rsIHVYkF9IQy_kOegoIAggACAAICBAB&opi=89978449&cd&psig=AOvVaw1_2nUOK_f_CT66F4qZOrcP&ust=1788030858592000
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20
Deppula, J. (2024). Supplier development programme and sustainable performance The moderating role of the firm commitment. University of Education Winneba. https://ir.uew.edu.gh/handle/123456789/4679
Dhillon, M. K., Rafi-ul-Shan, P. M., Amar, H., Sher, F., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Flexible green supply chain management in emerging economies: A systematic literature review. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 24(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-022-00321-0
Duarte, S., Cabrita, M. do R. de M. F., & Machado, V. A. C. (2011). Exploring lean and green supply chain performance using balanced scorecard perspective. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/58460
Eltayeb, T., & Zailani, S. (2014). Going green through green supply chain initiatives toward environmental sustainability. Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 2(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.31387/oscm040019
Fan, Z., & Kang, T.-W. (2023). Linking sustainable supplier selection to Firm’s sustainable performance: The moderated mediating role of supplier development and leadership for functional integration. Sustainability, 15(12), 9757. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129757
Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Advancing sustainable performance management in the hospitality industry: A novel framework based on a health-inclusive balanced scorecard. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48, 101141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101141
Galeazzo, A., Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N., & Delgado-Ceballos, J. (2021). Green procurement and financial performance in the tourism industry: The moderating role of tourists’ green purchasing behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(5), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1734546
Ghaderi, Z., Shakori, H., Bagheri, F., Hall, C. M., Rather, R. A., & Moaven, Z. (2024). Green supply chain management, environmental costs and supply chain performance in the hotel industry: The mediating role of supply chain agility and resilience. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(13), 2101–2117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2223911
Ghazali, I., Abdul-Rashid, S. H., Md Dawal, S. Z., Huda, N., Shariff, A. H. M., Herawan, S. G., Ho, F. H., & Sakundarini, N. (2021). Guidelines for designing green products considering customers’ cultural preferences. Sustainability, 13(2), 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020673
Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., & Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: Impact on performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(3), 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541211227126
Guix, M., & Font, X. (2020). The Materiality Balanced Scorecard: A framework for stakeholder-led integration of sustainable hospitality management and reporting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102634
Hamza, M. A. A., & Rego, N. (2025). Sustainable supply chain practices of local versus international hotels: Multiple case studies in Egypt. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18819-9
Han, H., Yu, J., & Kim, W. (2019). Environmental corporate social responsibility and the strategy to boost the airline’s
image and customer loyalty intentions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(3), 371–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1557580
Handoyo, S. (2024). Green supply chain management: A bibliometric analysis of global research trends and future directions. Production & Manufacturing Research, 12(1), 2422614. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2024.2422614
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hart, S., & Dowell, G. (2011). A Natural-Resource-Based View of the Firm: Fifteen Years After, 37 (5), 1464–1479. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Hassan, M. H. C., & Osman, L. H. (2025). Impact sustainability in food supply chain: Scoping review. Journal of Technology and Operations Management, 20(1), 1–17. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jtom/
Holling, H., & Backhaus, L. (2023). A meta-analysis of green supply chain management practices and firm performance. Sustainability, 15(6), 4730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064730
Hussain, M., Al-Aomar, R., & Melhem, H. (2019). Assessment of lean-green practices on the sustainable performance of hotel supply chains. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(6), 2448–2467. https://
doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2018-0380
Jassim, S., Al-Mubarak, M., & Hamdan, A. (2020). The impact of green supply chain management on firm’s performance. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 19(01), 2040026. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219649220400250
Kang, S., & Rajagopal, L. (2014). Perceptions of benefits and challenges of purchasing local foods among hotel industry decision makers. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 17(4), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2014.945889
Kaplan RS, Norton DP. The balanced scorecard—Measures that drive performance. Harv Bus
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard—Measures That Drive Performance. BALANCED SCORECARD. https://images.template.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/11122659/balanced-scorecard-key-performance-indicators.pdf
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2005). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance (Vol. 70). Harvard Business Review Boston, MA, USA. https://images.template.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/11122659/balanced-scorecard-key-performance-indicators.pdf
Kenei, K., & Wachiuri, E. (2024). Green Supply Chain Practices and Performance of The Food And Beverage Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 6(1), 225–238. https://grandmarkpublishers.com/index.php/IJMBR/article/view/8
Koskei, S. K., & Wachiuri, E. (2025). Sustainable Procurement and Performance of Textile Companies in Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 7(1), 317–332. https://grandmarkpublishers.com/index.php/IJMBR/article/view/109
Kothari, C. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hZ9wSHysQDYC&oi=fnd&dq=Kothari,+C.+(2004).+Research+methodology:+Methods+and+techniques.+New+Age+International.&ots=1u-fmDcYG2&sig=ajagZcUGxvF1UO7B2B-hReBYQlo
Kozuch, A., Langen, M., von Deimling, C., & Eßig, M. (2024). Does green procurement pay off? Assessing the practice–performance link employing meta-analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140184
Kumar, S., Lim, W. M., Sureka, R., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Bamel, U. (2024a). Balanced scorecard: Trends, developments, and future directions. Review of Managerial Science, 18(8), 2397–2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00700-6
Kumar, S., Lim, W. M., Sureka, R., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Bamel, U. (2024b). Balanced scorecard: Trends, developments, and future directions. Review of Managerial Science, 18(8), 2397–2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00700-6
Kusa, R., Suder, M., & Duda, J. (2023). Impact of greening on performance in the hospitality industry: Moderating effect of flexibility and inter-organizational cooperation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122423
Li, J., & Zhong, D. (2024). Comparing the impact of green supplier selection and integration on environmental performance: An analysis of the moderating role of government support. Sustainability, 16(16), 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167228
Liu, W., Cao, Y., Hou, J., Cheng, Y., Chan, H. K., & Tang, O. (2025). Green procurement or green supply? A meta-analysis of their impacts on firm sustainability performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 28(12), 1387–1421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2024.2351027
Madanaguli, A., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Srivastava, S., & Singh, G. (2022). Environmental sustainability in restaurants. A systematic review and future research agenda on restaurant adoption of green practices. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 22(4–5), 303–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2022.2134203
Makokha, M., (PhD), D., & (PhD), D. (2022). Green Procurement Practices and Organization Performance of Star–Rated Hotels in Nakuru City. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 9. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v9i1.2198
Makoondlall-Chadee, T., & Bokhoree, C. (2024). Environmental sustainability in hotels: A review of the relevance and contributions of assessment tools and techniques. Administrative Sciences, 14(12), 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14120320
Masudin, I., Umamy, S. Z., Al-Imron, C. N., & Restuputri, D. P. (2022). Green procurement implementation through supplier selection: A bibliometric review. Cogent Engineering, 9(1), 2119686. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2119686
Mbeche, R. A., & Juma, D. (2025). Green Procurement Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Hotels in Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 9(8), 19–38. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bhx/oijscl/v9y2025i8p19-38id3180
Migdadi, Y. K. A.-A. (2023). Identifying the best practices in hotel green supply chain management strategy: A global study. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 24(4), 504–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2065657
Molin, E., Lingegård, S., Martin, M., & Björklund, A. (2024). Sustainable public food procurement: Criteria and actors’ roles and influence. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1360033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1360033
Monyancha, L. N., & Ndeto, C. (2025). Green Procurement and Performance of Sugar Companies in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 9(2). https://www.sagepublishers.com/index.php/ijssme/article/view/932
Mshenga, P. M. (2010). Tourism and agriculture linkages: Determinants of local agricultural products purchase by hotels at the Kenyan coast. https://repository.ruforum.org/system/tdf/Mshenga.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=34966&force=
Mulati, E., & Juma, D. (2019). Influence of green procurement training on organization performance on star rated hotels in Kisumu city. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2): 1763-1775. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v6i2.1218
Mulebo, E., & Wachiuri, E. (2026). Green Supply Chain and Performance of Hospitality Industry in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 10(5), 51–68. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bhx/oijscl/v10y2026i5p51-68id3853.html
Murphy, J., & Smith, S. (2009). Chefs and suppliers: An exploratory look at supply chain issues in an upscale restaurant alliance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.07.003
Mustafi, M. A. A., Dong, Y.-J., Hosain, M. S., Amin, M. B., Rahaman, M. A., & Abdullah, M. (2024). Green supply chain management practices and organizational performance: A mediated moderation model with second-order constructs. Sustainability, 16(16), 6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166843
Namkung, Y., & Jang, S. (2017). Are consumers willing to pay more for green practices at restaurants? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(3), 329–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525632
Nureen, N., Liu, D., Irfan, M., & Sroufe, R. (2023). Greening the manufacturing firms: Do green supply chain management and organizational citizenship behavior influence firm performance? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(31), 77246–77261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27817-1
Obiso, E., Maendo, D., Musau, E., & Waribu, J. (2023). Influence of green procurement on performance of private oil and gas firms in Kenya: Moderating role of government regulations. International Academic Journal of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, 3(2), 274–301. https://iajournals.org/articles/iajpsm_v3_i2_274_301.pdf
Oyefusi, O. N., Enegbuma, W. I., & Brown, A. (2025). From systematic literature review to performance criteria evaluation: Advancing green supply chain management in construction. International Journal of Construction Management, 25(3), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2024.2313828
Patiar, A., & Mia, L. (2015). Drivers of hotel departments’ performance: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Human
Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(3), 316–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2015.1002072
Perramon, J., Alonso-Almeida, M. del M., Llach, J., & Bagur-Femenías, L. (2014). Green practices in restaurants: Impact on firm performance. Operations Management Research, 7, 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-014-0084-y
Sarraf, F., & Nejad, S. H. (2020). Improving performance evaluation based on balanced scorecard with grey relational analysis and data envelopment analysis approaches: Case study in water and wastewater companies. Evaluation and Program Planning, 79, 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101762
Shin, S., & Cho, M. (2023). Environmental cognition and environmental performance in restaurants: Roles of green supplier selection and joint actions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(6), 1925–1942. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0338
Suleiman, M. A. (2023). The impact of tourism supply chain on sustainable performance in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Tanzania. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(2), 492–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-01-2022-0007
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5. https://hal.science/hal-02546799v1
Tan, B. C., Lau, T. C., Yong, G. F., Khan, N., & Nguyen, T. P. L. (2019). A qualitative study of green practices adoption for restaurants in Malaysia. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(8), 1087–1099. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2017-0119
Thiga, H. K. (2024). Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6521
Thiga, H. K., Dennis Chege, & Wycliffe Arani. (2023). Green Procurement and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. Vol.8.
Tseng, M.-L., Islam, M. S., Karia, N., Fauzi, F. A., & Afrin, S. (2019). A literature review on green supply chain management: Trends and future challenges. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.009
Vasilakakis, K., & Sdrali, D. (2023). Supplier selection criteria in the Greek hotel food and beverage divisions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-07-2021-0169
Wamalwa, L. S., & Nang’ole Meyer, P. (2024). Green supplier development and sustainable supply chain management. Business Strategy & Development, 7(1), e357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.357
Wambui, M. S., & Chege, P. (2024). Green Procurement Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Food and Beverage Processing Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 4(2), 16–27. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/29334
Wang, Y.-F., Chen, S.-P., Lee, Y.-C., & Tsai, C.-T. S. (2013). Developing green management standards for restaurants: An application of green supply chain management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.001
Article Sidebar
Published
Sep 12, 2026
Article Details
How to Cite
Jebotip, J., Nthiga , R. W., & Rotich , D. (2026). Effects of Green Food Procurement Practices on The Performance of 4 and 5 Star-Rated Hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya. Journal of Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(3), 86–112. https://doi.org/10.69897/jofhscs.v4i3.405
Issue
Section
Original Articles
Author Biographies
Josphine Jebotip, Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management, School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management,
School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University,
P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
Rita Wairimu Nthiga , Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management, School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management,
School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University,
P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
Dorothy Rotich , Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management, School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management,
School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Moi University,
P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya