Effect of Employment Act Compliance on Employee Accountability in Star-Rated Hotels in Uasin Gishu County
Main Article Content
Keywords
Employee Accountability, Employment Act, Compliance, Star-Rated Hotels
Abstract
Accountability is crucial for promoting effective performance across organizations. Holding employees accountable for their actions is an effective tool for managing the workforce. The hospitality sector in Kenya is characterized by a dynamic workforce and regulatory landscape with unique challenges in complying with the labour regulations while fostering a culture of accountability among employees. This paper aims to investigate the effect of employment act compliance on employee accountability in Star-Rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a pragmatic approach using a concurrent explanatory research design. The target population consisted of 465 employees from eight star-rated hotels, of which 215 formed the sample size, including 8 managers and 2 labour officers. Stratified and simple random sampling were used to select the employees, while purposive sampling was used to select the managers and labour officers. Quantitative data from employees were collected using a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data (managers and labour officers) were gathered using interview schedules and dyadic interviews, respectively. The study findings revealed that employment act compliance (β=0.379, t=3.202, p<0.05) had a positive and statistically significant effect on employee accountability. Therefore, Star-rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County should fully comply with the Employment Act particularly welfare, dismissal and termination provisions to maximize employee accountability and performance, while policymakers and industry stakeholders should institute periodic compliance assessments and workplace fairness guidelines to ensure sustained labour law adherence. This study contributes to the literature by providing further insights that, within the African region, an understudied context, extend current understanding of the association between labour laws and employee accountability.
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References
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Bottoms, A. (2019). Understanding compliance with laws and regulations: A mechanism-based approach. In Financial Compliance: Issues, Concerns and Future Directions (pp. 1-45). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14511-8_1
Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and assessing accountability: A conceptual framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2007.00378.x
Bulut, Ç., & Nazlı, M. (2020). The effects of internal corporate governance on employee attitudes: Evidence from the hotel industry in Turkey. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 7(2), 267-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/touraj/article/648930
Collins, H., Ewing, K., & McColgan, A. (2019). Labour law. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108617758
Davis, J. H. (2004). An annual index of US industrial production, 1790–1915. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(4), 1177-1215.
De Cuyper, N., De Jong, J., De Witte, H., Isaksson, K., Rigotti, T., & Schalk, R. (2008). Literature review of theory and research on the psychological impact of temporary employment: Towards a conceptual model. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 25-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00221.x
Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 453-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2013-0538
Elshaer, A. M., & Marzouk, A. M. (2019). Labor in the tourism and hospitality industry: Skills, ethics, issues, and rights. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429465093
Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Advancing sustainable performance management in the hospitality industry: A novel framework based on a health-inclusive balanced scorecard. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48, 101141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101141
García-Pozo, A., Campos-Soria, J. A., Sánchez-Ollero, J. L., & Marchante-Lara, M. (2012). The regional wage gap in the Spanish hospitality sector based on a gender perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.007
García Mestanza, J., Cerezo Medina, A., & Cruz Morato, M. A. (2019). A model for measuring fair labour justice in hotels: Design for the Spanish case. Sustainability, 11(17), 4639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174639
Gaudemet, A. (2020). What is Compliance? Red, 1(1), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.3917/red.001.0089
Giousmpasoglou, C. (2024). Working Conditions in the Hospitality Industry: The Case for a Fair and Decent Work Agenda. Sustainability, 16(19), 8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198428
Halim, H. T., Halim, Y., Abdelhady, H., & Salem, K. (2023). Auditing Human Resource Management Practices: A Case Study in the Egyptian Hospitality Industry. In Digital Transformation, Perspective Development, and Value Creation (pp. 193-218). Routledge.
Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., & Buckley, M. R. (2017). An accountability account: A review and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical research on felt accountability. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 204-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2052
Han, Y., & Perry, J. L. (2020). Employee accountability: development of a multidimensional scale. International Public Management Journal, 23(2), 224-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2019.1702605
Holper, A., & Kyselova, T. (2021). Inclusion dilemmas in peacebuilding and dialogues in Ukraine. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 27(3), 475. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000517
Holston-Okae, B. L., & Mushi, R. J. (2018). Employee turnover in the hospitality industry using Herzberg's two-factor motivation-hygiene theory. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 218-248. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i1/3806
Jasuale, J. (2023). How To Support Working Mothers in Hospitality and Tourism. International Journal of Gaming, Hospitality and Tourism, 3(1). https://ijght.org/index.php/light/article/view/76
Jenkins, R., & Unies, N. (2001). Corporate codes of conduct: Self-regulation in a global economy. Citeseer.
Kamonde, E. W. (2024). The Role of the Director of Occupational Safety and Health in the Wiba Act, 2007, in Relation to Access to Justice by Employees. University of Nairobi.
Kenworthy, T. P., & McMullen, W. E. (2014). From philosophy of science to theory testing: generating practical knowledge in entrepreneurship. In Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Entrepreneurship and Small Business (pp. 20-55). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857935052.00009
Koppell, J. G. (2005). Pathologies of accountability: ICANN and the challenge of "multiple accountabilities disorder". Public Administration Review, 65(1), 94-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00437.x
Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I., & Buyruk, L. (2010). The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(2), 171-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510362871
Kutaula, S., Gillani, A., & Budhwar, P. S. (2020). An analysis of employment relationships in Asia using psychological contract theory: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100707
Lacher, R. G., & Oh, C.-O. (2012). Is tourism a low-income industry? Evidence from three coastal regions. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511413576
Lin, P. M., Peng, K.-L., Wilson Au, W. C., & Baum, T. (2023). Labor market transformation in the hospitality gig economy in a post pandemic era: impacts of institutional governance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(4), 1490-1510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2022-0901
Liukkunen, U. (2016). ILO and Child Labour Regulation in China–Prospects and Complexities. Fundamental Labour Rights in China-Legal Implementation and Cultural Logic, 139-167.
Lu, T., & Adler, H. (2009). Career goals and expectations of hospitality and tourism students in China. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 9(1-2), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J172v09n01_05
Ma, E., Wu, L., Yang, W., & Xu, S. T. (2021). Hotel work-family support policies and employees' needs, concerns and Challenges—The Case of Working Mothers' maternity leave experience. Tourism Management, 83, 104216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104216
McLellan, R. K. (2017). Work, health, and worker well-being: roles and opportunities for employers. Health Affairs, 36(2), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1150
Milawati, M., & Uwiyono, A. (2022). The Influence of The Disruption Era in The Concept of Labour Relations in The Hospitality Industry Perspective of Employment Law. INFOKUM, 10(5), 951-965.
Mweshi, G. K., & Sakyi, K. (2020). Application of sampling methods for the research design. Archives of Business
Review, 8(11), 180-193. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.811.9042
Omar, Z., Chan, K. Y., & Joned, R. (2009). Knowledge concerning employees' legal rights at work among banking employees in Malaysia. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 21, 343-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-009-9123-5
Oranga, J., Matere, A., & Njurai, E. (2025). The Mixed Methods Research Approach: An Overview. Postmodernism Problems, 15(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.46324/pmp2501084
Posel, D., Casale, D., & Vermaak, C. (2014). Job Search and the Measurement of Unemployment in South Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 82(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12035
Romzek, B. S., & Dubnick, M. J. (2018). Accountability in the public sector: Lessons from the Challenger tragedy. In Democracy, Bureaucracy, and the Study of Administration (pp. 182-204). Routledge.
Sawaneh, I. A., & Kamara, F. K. (2019). An effective employee retention policies as a way to boost organizational performance. Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20190702.12
Servais, J.-M. (2024). International labour law.
Shah, M., & Asad, M. (2018). Effect of motivation on employee retention: Mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(2), 511-520. https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/download/5280/2565
Shotter, J. (2019). Social Accountability and the Social Construction of 'You'. Thirty Years On. Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice, 2(1), 67-96.
Sihanya, B. (2011). Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: Challenges and prospects. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/09857.pdf
Solomon, J. (2020). Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: a meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.3.242
Tawfik, M., Abu-Taleb, M., Abd-Elaal, E., & Afifi, M. F. (2022). Identifying hotel employees' entitled rights in the light of employment protection legislation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 6(2/1).
Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1262
Toyon, M. A. S. (2023). Introduction to research: Mastering the basics. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jz4wn
Tsafack, N. (2018). ACCOUNTABILITY AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: CASE STUDY: BAMBUIY ENGINEERING SERVICES & TECHNIQUES (BEST) SARL.
Turyahikayo, E. (2021). Philosophical Paradigms as the Bases for Knowledge Management Research and Practice. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 13(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2021.13.012
Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: identifying the elements of e-leadership. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446
Vetráková, M., Kubaľa, J., Cole, D. A., & Pompurová, K. (2020). Causes of employee fluctuation and the need for stabilization in Slovak hotels. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(1), 332. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(23)
Vujičić, D., Jovičić, A., Lalić, D., Gagić, S., & Cvejanov, A. (2015). The relation between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the tourism sector in Novi Sad. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 36(4), 633-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14527017
Wambua, R. W. (2024). Turnaround Strategies and Performance of Selected Three Star Hotels in Machakos County,
Kenya. Kenyatta University.
Wood, R. C. (2024). Working in hotels and catering. Taylor & Francis.
Zywicki, T. (2016). Rent-seeking, crony capitalism, and the crony constitution. Supreme Court Economic Review, 23(1), 77-103. https://doi.org/10.1086/684573
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Beddoe, A. E., & Murphy, S. O. (2004). Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? Journal of Nursing Education, 43(7), 305-312. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15303583/
Bernhardt, A., Kresge, L., & Suleiman, R. (2023). The data-driven workplace and the case for worker technology rights. ILR Review, 76(1), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221131558
Bernhardt, J., Langhorne, P., Lindley, R. I., Thrift, A. G., Ellery, F., Collier, J., ... Donnan, G. (2015). Efficacy and safety of very early mobilisation within 24 h of stroke onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 386(9988), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60990-0
Bottoms, A. (2019). Understanding compliance with laws and regulations: A mechanism-based approach. In Financial Compliance: Issues, Concerns and Future Directions (pp. 1-45). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14511-8_1
Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and assessing accountability: A conceptual framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2007.00378.x
Bulut, Ç., & Nazlı, M. (2020). The effects of internal corporate governance on employee attitudes: Evidence from the hotel industry in Turkey. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 7(2), 267-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/touraj/article/648930
Collins, H., Ewing, K., & McColgan, A. (2019). Labour law. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108617758
Davis, J. H. (2004). An annual index of US industrial production, 1790–1915. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(4), 1177-1215.
De Cuyper, N., De Jong, J., De Witte, H., Isaksson, K., Rigotti, T., & Schalk, R. (2008). Literature review of theory and research on the psychological impact of temporary employment: Towards a conceptual model. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 25-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00221.x
Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 453-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2013-0538
Elshaer, A. M., & Marzouk, A. M. (2019). Labor in the tourism and hospitality industry: Skills, ethics, issues, and rights. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429465093
Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Advancing sustainable performance management in the hospitality industry: A novel framework based on a health-inclusive balanced scorecard. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48, 101141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101141
García-Pozo, A., Campos-Soria, J. A., Sánchez-Ollero, J. L., & Marchante-Lara, M. (2012). The regional wage gap in the Spanish hospitality sector based on a gender perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.007
García Mestanza, J., Cerezo Medina, A., & Cruz Morato, M. A. (2019). A model for measuring fair labour justice in hotels: Design for the Spanish case. Sustainability, 11(17), 4639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174639
Gaudemet, A. (2020). What is Compliance? Red, 1(1), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.3917/red.001.0089
Giousmpasoglou, C. (2024). Working Conditions in the Hospitality Industry: The Case for a Fair and Decent Work Agenda. Sustainability, 16(19), 8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198428
Halim, H. T., Halim, Y., Abdelhady, H., & Salem, K. (2023). Auditing Human Resource Management Practices: A Case Study in the Egyptian Hospitality Industry. In Digital Transformation, Perspective Development, and Value Creation (pp. 193-218). Routledge.
Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., & Buckley, M. R. (2017). An accountability account: A review and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical research on felt accountability. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 204-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2052
Han, Y., & Perry, J. L. (2020). Employee accountability: development of a multidimensional scale. International Public Management Journal, 23(2), 224-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2019.1702605
Holper, A., & Kyselova, T. (2021). Inclusion dilemmas in peacebuilding and dialogues in Ukraine. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 27(3), 475. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000517
Holston-Okae, B. L., & Mushi, R. J. (2018). Employee turnover in the hospitality industry using Herzberg's two-factor motivation-hygiene theory. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 218-248. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i1/3806
Jasuale, J. (2023). How To Support Working Mothers in Hospitality and Tourism. International Journal of Gaming, Hospitality and Tourism, 3(1). https://ijght.org/index.php/light/article/view/76
Jenkins, R., & Unies, N. (2001). Corporate codes of conduct: Self-regulation in a global economy. Citeseer.
Kamonde, E. W. (2024). The Role of the Director of Occupational Safety and Health in the Wiba Act, 2007, in Relation to Access to Justice by Employees. University of Nairobi.
Kenworthy, T. P., & McMullen, W. E. (2014). From philosophy of science to theory testing: generating practical knowledge in entrepreneurship. In Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Entrepreneurship and Small Business (pp. 20-55). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857935052.00009
Koppell, J. G. (2005). Pathologies of accountability: ICANN and the challenge of "multiple accountabilities disorder". Public Administration Review, 65(1), 94-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00437.x
Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I., & Buyruk, L. (2010). The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(2), 171-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510362871
Kutaula, S., Gillani, A., & Budhwar, P. S. (2020). An analysis of employment relationships in Asia using psychological contract theory: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100707
Lacher, R. G., & Oh, C.-O. (2012). Is tourism a low-income industry? Evidence from three coastal regions. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511413576
Lin, P. M., Peng, K.-L., Wilson Au, W. C., & Baum, T. (2023). Labor market transformation in the hospitality gig economy in a post pandemic era: impacts of institutional governance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(4), 1490-1510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2022-0901
Liukkunen, U. (2016). ILO and Child Labour Regulation in China–Prospects and Complexities. Fundamental Labour Rights in China-Legal Implementation and Cultural Logic, 139-167.
Lu, T., & Adler, H. (2009). Career goals and expectations of hospitality and tourism students in China. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 9(1-2), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J172v09n01_05
Ma, E., Wu, L., Yang, W., & Xu, S. T. (2021). Hotel work-family support policies and employees' needs, concerns and Challenges—The Case of Working Mothers' maternity leave experience. Tourism Management, 83, 104216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104216
McLellan, R. K. (2017). Work, health, and worker well-being: roles and opportunities for employers. Health Affairs, 36(2), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1150
Milawati, M., & Uwiyono, A. (2022). The Influence of The Disruption Era in The Concept of Labour Relations in The Hospitality Industry Perspective of Employment Law. INFOKUM, 10(5), 951-965.
Mweshi, G. K., & Sakyi, K. (2020). Application of sampling methods for the research design. Archives of Business
Review, 8(11), 180-193. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.811.9042
Omar, Z., Chan, K. Y., & Joned, R. (2009). Knowledge concerning employees' legal rights at work among banking employees in Malaysia. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 21, 343-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-009-9123-5
Oranga, J., Matere, A., & Njurai, E. (2025). The Mixed Methods Research Approach: An Overview. Postmodernism Problems, 15(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.46324/pmp2501084
Posel, D., Casale, D., & Vermaak, C. (2014). Job Search and the Measurement of Unemployment in South Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 82(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12035
Romzek, B. S., & Dubnick, M. J. (2018). Accountability in the public sector: Lessons from the Challenger tragedy. In Democracy, Bureaucracy, and the Study of Administration (pp. 182-204). Routledge.
Sawaneh, I. A., & Kamara, F. K. (2019). An effective employee retention policies as a way to boost organizational performance. Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20190702.12
Servais, J.-M. (2024). International labour law.
Shah, M., & Asad, M. (2018). Effect of motivation on employee retention: Mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(2), 511-520. https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/download/5280/2565
Shotter, J. (2019). Social Accountability and the Social Construction of 'You'. Thirty Years On. Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice, 2(1), 67-96.
Sihanya, B. (2011). Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: Challenges and prospects. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/09857.pdf
Solomon, J. (2020). Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: a meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.3.242
Tawfik, M., Abu-Taleb, M., Abd-Elaal, E., & Afifi, M. F. (2022). Identifying hotel employees' entitled rights in the light of employment protection legislation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 6(2/1).
Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1262
Toyon, M. A. S. (2023). Introduction to research: Mastering the basics. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jz4wn
Tsafack, N. (2018). ACCOUNTABILITY AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: CASE STUDY: BAMBUIY ENGINEERING SERVICES & TECHNIQUES (BEST) SARL.
Turyahikayo, E. (2021). Philosophical Paradigms as the Bases for Knowledge Management Research and Practice. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 13(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2021.13.012
Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: identifying the elements of e-leadership. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446
Vetráková, M., Kubaľa, J., Cole, D. A., & Pompurová, K. (2020). Causes of employee fluctuation and the need for stabilization in Slovak hotels. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(1), 332. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(23)
Vujičić, D., Jovičić, A., Lalić, D., Gagić, S., & Cvejanov, A. (2015). The relation between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the tourism sector in Novi Sad. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 36(4), 633-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14527017
Wambua, R. W. (2024). Turnaround Strategies and Performance of Selected Three Star Hotels in Machakos County,
Kenya. Kenyatta University.
Wood, R. C. (2024). Working in hotels and catering. Taylor & Francis.
Zywicki, T. (2016). Rent-seeking, crony capitalism, and the crony constitution. Supreme Court Economic Review, 23(1), 77-103. https://doi.org/10.1086/684573
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Published
Jul 28, 2026
Article Details
How to Cite
Kiprop, C. (2026). Effect of Employment Act Compliance on Employee Accountability in Star-Rated Hotels in Uasin Gishu County. Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research Studies, 4(2), 80–99. https://doi.org/10.69897/jobemrs.v4i2.381
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Original Articles
Author Biography
Carolyne Kiprop, School of Tourism, Hospitality & Events Management, Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management, Moi University, Kenya
School of Tourism, Hospitality & Events Management, Department of Hotel and Hospitality Management, Moi University, Kenya